About this program
CA Foundation is the first step towards becoming a Chartered Accountant — and the gateway to a career in accounting, audit, taxation, finance and consulting. It is conducted by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and tests your command over accounting, business laws, quantitative aptitude and business economics.
Our program covers all four papers in one structured plan: Paper 1 — Accounting, Paper 2 — Business Laws & Business Correspondence and Reporting, Paper 3 — Quantitative Aptitude (Business Mathematics, Logical Reasoning and Statistics) and Paper 4 — Business Economics & Business and Commercial Knowledge. Papers 1 and 2 are subjective, and Papers 3 and 4 are objective, so we train you in both answer-writing and MCQ accuracy.
Details to know
Papers covered
What you'll learn
- Cover the complete ICAI CA Foundation syllabus — all four papers, chapter by chapter
- Solve Accounting journals, final accounts, partnership, NPO and company problems with confidence
- Write precise, case-based answers in Business Laws and clear business letters and reports
- Master Business Mathematics, Logical Reasoning and Statistics with speed and shortcut techniques
- Understand demand, supply, cost and market theory with diagrams for Business Economics
- Build business and commercial awareness for the objective paper
- Practise ICAI-pattern MCQs, case scenarios and full-length mock exams
- Create a strong base for CA Intermediate and the complete CA journey
Skills you'll gain
Study material & resources
Complete syllabus coverage
Principles and Practice of Accounting (100 marks, subjective): from the accounting process to final accounts, partnership, not-for-profit and company accounts — with heavy numerical practice.
Unit 1Theoretical Framework4 topics
- Meaning, scope and objectives of accounting
- Accounting concepts, principles and conventions
- Introduction to accounting standards
- Accounting equation and basis of accounting
Unit 2Accounting Process4 topics
- Journal, ledger and subsidiary books
- Cash book and petty cash book
- Trial balance
- Errors and rectification entries
Unit 3Bank Reconciliation Statement3 topics
- Need and causes of differences
- Preparation of BRS: all standard cases
- Overdraft and favourable balance problems
Unit 4Inventories4 topics
- Meaning and valuation of inventories
- Cost formulae: FIFO and weighted average
- Net realisable value
- Inventory accounting entries and adjustments
Unit 5Depreciation and Amortisation4 topics
- Meaning, causes and accounting treatment
- Straight line and written-down value methods
- Change in method and disposal of asset
- Amortisation of intangible assets (basic)
Unit 6Bills of Exchange3 topics
- Features, parties and types
- Honour, dishonour, endorsement, discounting, renewal
- Accommodation bills (basic)
Unit 7Preparation of Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors4 topics
- Capital and revenue items
- Trading and Profit & Loss account
- Balance sheet with adjustments
- Incomplete records: concepts and problems
Unit 8Partnership Accounts4 topics
- Fundamentals: capital accounts and appropriation
- Goodwill and revaluation
- Admission, retirement and death of a partner
- Dissolution (basic)
Unit 9Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organisations4 topics
- Receipts and payments account
- Income and expenditure account
- Balance sheet of NPOs
- Special items: subscriptions, legacies, donations, funds
Unit 10Accounting for Special Transactions3 topics
- Consignment
- Joint venture
- Sale on approval / return basis
Unit 11Introduction to Company Accounts4 topics
- Features and types of companies
- Issue of shares: par, premium and discount
- Forfeiture and re-issue of shares
- Issue of debentures (basic)
Business Laws (60 marks) and Business Correspondence & Reporting (40 marks), both subjective — answer-writing, case laws and clear business communication.
Unit 1Part A · Indian Contract Act, 1872 — Nature of Contract4 topics
- Meaning and essentials of a valid contract
- Offer and acceptance
- Consideration and exceptions
- Types of contracts
Unit 2Indian Contract Act — Other Essential Elements4 topics
- Capacity of parties
- Free consent: coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, mistake
- Legality of object and consideration
- Void agreements
Unit 3Indian Contract Act — Performance, Discharge & Remedies4 topics
- Performance of contracts
- Discharge of contracts
- Breach of contract and remedies
- Contingent and quasi contracts
Unit 4The Sale of Goods Act, 19304 topics
- Contract of sale and conditions & warranties
- Transfer of property and title
- Performance of contract of sale
- Rights of unpaid seller
Unit 5The Indian Partnership Act, 19324 topics
- Nature and essentials of partnership
- Rights, duties and liabilities of partners
- Types of partners
- Admission, retirement and dissolution
Unit 6The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 20084 topics
- Nature and features of LLP
- Incorporation and LLP agreement
- Partners and their liabilities
- Conversion into LLP (overview)
Unit 7The Companies Act, 2013 (Introduction)4 topics
- Nature and kinds of companies
- Incorporation of company
- Memorandum and articles of association
- Prospectus, share capital and meetings (basic)
Unit 8Part B · Communication & Word Power4 topics
- Meaning, process and types of communication
- Barriers to communication
- Sentence types, parts of speech, vocabulary and grammar
- Words and phrases commonly used in business
Unit 9Comprehension & Note Making3 topics
- Comprehension passages
- Note making and summarising
- Precis of business text
Unit 10Business Correspondence & Reporting4 topics
- Business letters, circulars, notices and e-mails
- Official and business correspondence formats
- Report writing: formats and style
- Writing under time and word limits
Quantitative Aptitude (objective, 100 marks) Part A Business Mathematics (40) and Part B Logical Reasoning (20) — speed, accuracy and shortcut techniques.
Unit 1Part A · Ratio, Proportion, Indices & Logarithms4 topics
- Ratio, proportion and variation
- Laws of indices
- Logarithms and their laws
- Applications to business problems
Unit 2Equations4 topics
- Linear equations
- Simultaneous linear equations
- Quadratic equations
- Word problems
Unit 3Linear Inequalities3 topics
- Linear inequalities in one and two variables
- Graphical solution (basic)
- Applications
Unit 4Mathematics of Finance4 topics
- Simple and compound interest
- Effective rate of interest
- Annuities and sinking fund
- Present value and future value (basic)
Unit 5Basic Applications of Differential & Integral Calculus3 topics
- Differentiation: basic rules
- Maxima and minima (business applications)
- Integration: basic rules and definite integral
Unit 6Part B · Logical Reasoning — Series, Coding & Direction4 topics
- Number series and letter series
- Coding-decoding
- Odd man out and analogy
- Direction sense test
Unit 7Logical Reasoning — Relations & Arrangements3 topics
- Blood relations
- Seating arrangements
- Syllogism and logical deductions (basic)
Part C of Quantitative Aptitude (40 marks, objective): data analysis, probability, distributions, correlation, regression and index numbers.
Unit 1Statistical Description of Data4 topics
- Collection and classification of data
- Frequency distributions
- Diagrammatic and graphic presentation
- Cumulative frequency and ogives
Unit 2Measures of Central Tendency & Dispersion4 topics
- Mean, median, mode, quartiles
- Range, quartile deviation, mean deviation
- Standard deviation and variance
- Coefficient of variation and skewness (basic)
Unit 3Probability4 topics
- Basic concepts: events, sample space
- Addition and multiplication theorems
- Conditional probability and Bayes’ theorem (basic)
- Expected value
Unit 4Theoretical Distributions4 topics
- Binomial distribution
- Poisson distribution
- Normal distribution
- Properties and applications
Unit 5Correlation and Regression3 topics
- Scatter diagram and Karl Pearson’s correlation
- Spearman’s rank correlation
- Regression lines and coefficients
Unit 6Index Numbers4 topics
- Meaning and types of index numbers
- Laspeyres, Paasche and Fisher’s index
- Tests of index numbers
- CPI, WPI and uses of index numbers
Business Economics (60 marks) and Business & Commercial Knowledge (40 marks), both objective — concept clarity, diagrams and current business awareness.
Unit 1Part I · Introduction to Business Economics4 topics
- Nature and scope of business economics
- Basic problems of an economy
- Production possibility curve
- Positive and normative economics
Unit 2Theory of Demand and Supply4 topics
- Law of demand and determinants
- Elasticity of demand
- Supply and elasticity of supply
- Market equilibrium and shifts
Unit 3Theory of Production and Cost4 topics
- Production function and returns
- Cost concepts and cost curves
- Revenue concepts
- Economies and diseconomies of scale
Unit 4Price Determination in Different Markets4 topics
- Perfect competition
- Monopoly
- Monopolistic competition
- Oligopoly (basic)
Unit 5Business Cycles3 topics
- Meaning and phases of business cycle
- Features and causes
- Impact on business decisions
Unit 6Part II · Business and Commercial Knowledge — Introduction & Environment3 topics
- Introduction to business and commerce
- Business environment: economic, social, political, legal
- Trends in business
Unit 7Business Organisations & Government Policies3 topics
- Forms of business organisation
- Government policies for business growth
- Industrial and trade policy (overview)
Unit 8Organisations Facilitating Business & Business Terms3 topics
- Banks, insurance, transport, warehousing, communication
- Chambers of commerce and trade bodies
- Common business terminologies
Unit names follow the ICAI CA Foundation new-scheme structure; chapter weightage and wording can change, so we update the plan according to the latest syllabus published on icai.org.
Class 12 Board vs CA Foundation — how we prepare you
| Class 12 Board | CA Foundation | |
|---|---|---|
| Conducted by | CBSE / CISCE | The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) |
| Papers | Subject-wise papers of your stream | 4 papers of 100 marks each — 400 marks in total |
| Paper format | Written theory papers | Papers 1 & 2 are subjective (descriptive); Papers 3 & 4 are objective (MCQ) |
| Negative marking | No negative marking | Objective papers carry negative marking for wrong answers |
| Passing criteria | As per board norms | Minimum marks in each paper plus an aggregate requirement, as set by ICAI |
| Our focus | Board-style answers and application | Accuracy, speed, precise answers and consistent test practice |
Note: Exam dates, registration rules, marking and passing criteria are decided by ICAI and may change; we update the plan as per the latest official notifications on icai.org.
Your preparation roadmap
Accounting concepts, process, BRS, depreciation, bills of exchange and final accounts; daily numerical practice.
Contract, Sale of Goods, Partnership, LLP and Companies Act; business correspondence and reporting practice.
Business mathematics, logical reasoning and statistics — formulas, shortcuts and timed practice.
Business economics theory, diagrams and business and commercial knowledge.
Complete revision, chapter-wise tests, MCQ drills and subjective answer-writing practice.
Full-length ICAI-pattern mocks, performance analysis and final exam strategy.
Why students choose Ayaan Education
Frequently asked questions
What is CA Foundation?
CA Foundation is the first level of the Chartered Accountancy course conducted by ICAI. It has four papers — Accounting, Business Laws & Correspondence, Quantitative Aptitude and Business Economics — and must be cleared before moving to CA Intermediate.
Who can join this program?
Students who have passed or are appearing in Class 12 from any stream can start CA Foundation. Registration with ICAI is done separately; our counsellor will guide you through the process.
Is there negative marking?
Papers 3 and 4 are objective (MCQ) and carry negative marking for wrong answers under the ICAI scheme, so we focus on accuracy along with speed. Please check the latest ICAI notification for exact details.
Can I prepare along with Class 12?
Yes, many students do. We plan the schedule so that Class 12 boards and CA Foundation preparation support each other, especially for Commerce students.
Do you provide mock exams?
Yes. We conduct chapter-wise tests and full-length mock exams in ICAI pattern, with analysis and doubt-solving after every test.
How can I enrol?
Click “Enquire & Enroll”, fill in the form, and our counsellor will contact you with batch timings and fee details.
Ready to start your CA journey?
Talk to our counsellor for batch timings, fee details and a free demo class.